What Are AHA and BHA Acids and What Are Their Benefits?
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What Are AHA and BHA Acids and What Are Their Benefits?
AHA and BHA acids have become two of the most talked-about ingredients in modern skincare. While they both exfoliate the skin, each one works in a different way and targets different concerns. When used correctly, these acids can smooth texture, brighten the complexion, and help the skin renew itself more effectively. In this guide, we explain what AHA and BHA really are, how they work, and how to use them safely at home without damaging the skin barrier.
What Are AHA Acids?
AHA, or Alpha Hydroxy Acids, are water-soluble exfoliants derived from fruit, milk, or sugar. They work mainly on the skin’s surface by breaking down the bonds that hold dead skin cells together. This allows newer, fresher skin to appear.
Common AHAs include:
- Glycolic acid
- Lactic acid
- Mandelic acid
- Citric acid
AHAs are ideal for:
- Dull skin
- Uneven texture
- Fine lines
- Surface pigmentation
Because they attract moisture, AHAs also help the skin stay hydrated and supple.
What Are BHA Acids?
BHA, or Beta Hydroxy Acid, is oil-soluble. This means it can penetrate deep into pores, dissolve excess sebum, and clear out debris that causes blackheads and breakouts. The most common BHA is salicylic acid.
BHAs are best for:
- Oily or acne-prone skin
- Blackheads
- Enlarged pores
- Inflammation
Unlike AHAs, BHAs have soothing properties, making them suitable for people who experience redness or sensitivity from other exfoliants.
Benefits of Using AHA and BHA Acids
Both acids offer different advantages, and some products combine them for a balanced exfoliation.
1. Smoother and Brighter Skin
By removing dead cells, AHAs reveal a more radiant surface. Skin looks less dull and makeup applies more evenly.
2. Reduced Breakouts and Clearer Pores
BHA penetrates deep inside pores, unclogging them and preventing future breakouts, especially for those with oily skin.
3. Improved Skin Tone and Pigmentation
AHAs encourage cell turnover, which helps fade acne marks and mild discoloration over time.
4. Anti-aging Benefits
Glycolic and lactic acid stimulate collagen production, helping reduce the appearance of fine lines.
5. Better Absorption of Skincare Products
When the upper layer of dead skin is removed, serums and moisturizers absorb more effectively.
How to Use AHA and BHA Safely
Because these are active ingredients, it’s important to start slowly and choose the right strength for your skin type.
Step-by-step routine:
- Cleanse the skin gently.
- Apply AHA or BHA on dry skin.
- Wait a few minutes for it to absorb.
- Follow with a hydrating serum or moisturizer.
- Always use sunscreen during the day, as acids increase sensitivity to sunlight.
If you’re new to chemical exfoliants, begin with 1–2 times per week and increase gradually based on your skin’s tolerance.
How Long Should AHA or BHA Stay on the Skin?
Leave on exfoliants are designed to stay on the skin there’s no need to rinse them off unless the product instructions say otherwise. For rinse-off peels, most formulas sit on the skin for 5–10 minutes, depending on their strength.
Can You Combine AHA and BHA?
Yes, but not always in the same routine for beginners. Using both at once can cause irritation. Many skincare professionals recommend alternating them on different days or using a product that is already formulated with a balanced blend.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using acids every day when your skin is not ready
- Applying other strong actives (retinol, vitamin C) immediately after
- Skipping sunscreen
- Using high concentrations with sensitive skin
A little caution goes a long way in preventing redness, peeling, or dryness.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
AHA exfoliates the skin’s surface to brighten and smooth, while BHA clears pores, reduces oil, and helps prevent breakouts.
They do not bleach the skin, but they can improve uneven tone and fade dark spots by speeding up cell renewal.
Beginners should avoid daily use. Start 1–2 times weekly and increase only if your skin adapts without irritation.
A hydrating serum or a gentle moisturizer is ideal to soothe and support the skin barrier.
Leave-on acids stay on the skin, while rinse-off peels usually remain for 5–10 minutes, depending on the formula.
